瑞士专利CH703750B1 Brennstoffvorwärmsystem and facility with such.

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专利摘要:
A fuel preheating system for preheating fuel, at least during start-up of a plant having a combustion system (162), includes an insulated water tank (174) adapted to store a first heated water from a first plant component (176) during operation of the plant, and a heat exchanger having fuel heater (168), wherein the heat exchanger is adapted to transfer heat from the first heated water to the fuel (170) for the combustion system (162) during startup of the plant.
公开号:CH703750B1
申请号:CH01433/11
申请日:2011-09-01
公开日:2016-02-29
发明作者:Seyfettin Can Gulen；Tailai Hu
申请人:Gen Electric；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Background to the invention
The subject matter described herein relates to a fuel preheating system for preheating fuel during startup of a plant having a combustion system.
A gas turbine combusts a mixture of fuel and air to produce hot combustion gases which cause one or more turbine blade stages to rotate. The rotation, in turn, can be used to create a load such as e.g. an electric generator to operate. During startup, it is desirable to quickly bring the gas turbine to an operating point where its exhaust emissions comply with existing regulations. The faster the gas turbine reaches this so-called "emission compliance" operating point, the smaller the total amount of harmful emissions. The loading rate depends on the stable operation of the burner of the gas turbine, which is mainly influenced by the fuel temperature. In modern gas turbines, preheated gaseous fuel during normal base load operation to improve the thermal efficiency. This preheating is typically achieved by the hot feedwater extracted from the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG).
Unfortunately, after starting the system after a sufficiently long shutdown of the HRSG is not able to deliver the hot water that is required for the heating of the gaseous fuel to a value required for a stable burner operation.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved Brennstoffvorwärmesystem, which is able to preheat fuel, at least during the startup of a system with a combustion system.
Brief description of the invention
The invention relates to a Brennstoffvorwärmsystem for preheating fuel, at least during the startup of a system comprising a combustion system. The fuel preheating system includes an insulated water tank adapted to store a first heated water from a first plant component during operation of the plant, and a fuel preheater having a heat exchanger adapted to extract heat from the plant during start-up of the plant transfer first heated water to the fuel for the combustion system.
The invention further relates to a system with a first system component, a combustion system and an inventive Brennstoffvorwärmsystem.
Brief description of the drawings
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:<Tb> FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic of one embodiment of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant including a system for preheating fuel during start-up; FIG.<Tb> FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a system for preheating fuel during startup; FIG.<Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> is a schematic representation of one embodiment of a system for preheating fuel during startup;<Tb> FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a system for preheating fuel during startup; FIG. and<Tb> FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of a system for preheating fuel during startup; FIG.
Detailed description of the invention
One or more specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual implementation in the specification may be described. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as with any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to meet the specific objectives of the developer, such as e.g. To achieve compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Further, it should be appreciated that such development effort may be complex and time consuming, but nevertheless would be a routine task to the ordinary skilled person with the benefit of this disclosure in terms of design, manufacture, and manufacture.
When elements of various embodiments of the present invention are introduced, the articles "one, one, one, the, the, and the said," said, "have the meaning that one or more of the elements can be present. The terms "having", "containing" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and to have the meaning that additional elements other than the listed elements may be present.
The invention described herein is directed to a fuel preheating system for preheating fuel during start-up of a plant having a combustion system. For example, the disclosed embodiments may be used to preheat fuel for a gas turbine engine during start-up of the gas turbine and various plant equipment. Although the fuel preheating system may have a variety of applications, the following discussion illustrates the fuel preheating system in conjunction with a combined cycle (IGCC) or gasification integrated system including a gasifier, a gas treatment system, a heat recovery steam generation system, and a gasification system. HRSG) system, a steam turbine and various associated plant equipment contains. During normal operation of the plant, the fuel preheating system stores a preheated fluid (e.g., water) in an insulated container for later use as a heat source during start-up. After shutdown, the system and its various devices cool and thus eliminate any potential heat source for preheating the fuel except for the heated fluid stored in the insulated container. Thus, the stored heated fluid during startup provides sufficient heat energy to preheat the fuel for combustion until the equipment is capable of providing a self-sustaining heat source without the stored heated fluid. In some embodiments, the insulated container may include an auxiliary heating device configured to maintain the temperature above a threshold for a longer period of time to thereby reduce heat losses in the insulated container.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of an embodiment of an integrated gasification combined cycle system 100 according to the present invention which may include the ability to preheat the fuel during launch of the IGCC system 100. As discussed in detail below, the IGCC system 100 includes a fuel preheating system 101 that is configured to preheat fuel during normal operation and start-up of the IGCC system 100. In particular, the fuel preheating system 100 may include a fuel preheater 144 that may transfer heat to a fuel to improve the performance of a gas turbine 118. Specifically, during normal operation of the IGCC system 100, the fuel preheater 144 may transfer heat from heated plant water 146 to the fuel while the fuel preheater 144 may transfer heat from a heated plant water 150 stored in a water tank 148 during startup of the IGCC system 100. The following discussion of the IGCC system 100 provides a possible context for the fuel preheating system 101, although it is contemplated that embodiments of the fuel preheating system 101 may be implemented in a variety of installations, facilities, and systems that are not limited to the IGCC system 100 , can be used.
As shown in FIG. 1, the IGCC system 100 is configured to gasify a feedstock or fuel source 102, to drive steam and gas turbines, and to generate electricity. The fuel source 102 may comprise a variety of carbonaceous fuels, such as e.g. Coal or hydrocarbons in solid or liquid form. A feedstock processing unit 104 may be included to treat the fuel for gasification, e.g. by grinding, crushing and pulverizing a solid form of the fuel source 102. However, the raw material processing unit 104 may be omitted when the fuel source 102 is in a liquid form.
The starting material may be transferred from the starting material processing unit 104 to a gasifier 106. The gasifier 106 may convert the feedstock to a synthesis gas, e.g. to convert a combination of carbon monoxide (C) and hydrogen. This resulting gas may be referred to as an untreated syngas because it contains, for example, H2S. The gasifier 106 may also contain waste such as e.g. Slag 108, which may be a wet ash material. A gas purifier 110 may be used to purify the untreated synthesis gas. The gas purifier 110 may wash the untreated synthesis gas to remove HCl, HF, COS, HCN, and H2S from the untreated synthesis gas, which may include the deposition of sulfur 111 in a sulfur processing device 112. Further, the gas purifier 110 may deposit salts 113 from the untreated synthesis gas via a water treatment unit 114, which may utilize water purification techniques to produce useful salts 113 from the untreated synthesis gas. Thereafter, the gas from the scrubber 110 may be treated with synthesis gas (e.g., the sulfur 111 may be removed from the syngas) with trace amounts of other chemicals, e.g. NH3 (ammonia) and CH4 (methane).
In some embodiments, a CO deposition system 116 may remove and process the carbonaceous gas (e.g., approximately 80-100 or 90-100 percent volume purity carbon dioxide) contained in the synthesis gas. The treated synthesis gas, which has been subjected to the removal of its sulfur-containing components and a large portion of its carbon dioxide, may then be passed to a burner 120, e.g. a combustion chamber of a gas turbine 118 as a combustible fuel, are transmitted.
The IGCC system 100 may further include an air separation unit (ASU) 122. The ASU 122 may operate to separate air into the component gases, for example, by distillation techniques. The ASU 122 may separate oxygen from the air supplied thereto from an auxiliary air compressor 123 and the ASU 122 may supply the separated oxygen to the gasifier 106. Additionally, the ASU 122 may supply the separated nitrogen to a dilute nitrogen (DGAN) compressor 124.
The DGAN compressor 124 may compress the nitrogen obtained from the ASU 122 to at least pressure levels similar to those in the combustor 120 so as not to interfere with the proper combustion of the synthesis gas. Thus, once the DGAN compressor 124 has appropriately compressed the nitrogen to a correct value, the DGAN compressor 124 may transmit the compressed fuel to the combustor 120 of the gas turbine engine 118. The nitrogen can be used as a diluent to allow, for example, the control of emissions.
As described above, the compressed nitrogen may be transferred from the DGAN compressor 124 to the combustor 120 of the gas turbine 118. The gas turbine 118 may include a turbine 130, a drive shaft 131, and a compressor 132 and the combustor 120. Burner 120 may include fuel, such as e.g. Synthesis gas, record, which can be injected under pressure from fuel nozzles. This fuel may be mixed with compressed air and compressed nitrogen from the DGAN compressor 124 and combusted in the combustor 120. This combustion can produce hot pressurized exhaust gases.
The burner 120 may direct the exhaust gases to an exhaust outlet of the turbine 130. As the exhaust gases from the combustor 120 pass the turbine 130, the hot exhaust gases force the turbine blades in the turbine 130 to rotate with the drive shaft 131 along an axis of the gas turbine 118. This drive shaft 131 may connect the turbine 130 to the compressor 132 to form a rotor. The compressor 132 may have blades connected to the drive shaft 131. Thus, the rotation of the turbine blades in the turbine 130 may cause the drive shaft 131, which connects the turbine 130 to the compressor 132, to drive the blades in the compressor 132. This rotation of the blades in the compressor 132 causes the compressor 132 to compress air received via an air inlet in the compressor 132. The compressed air may then be supplied to the combustor 120 and mixed with fuel and compressed nitrogen to allow for more efficient combustion. The drive shaft 131 may also be connected to the load 134, which may be a stationary load, such as e.g. an electrical generator for generating electrical energy in a power plant. In fact, the load 134 may be any suitable device driven by the rotational energy output of the gas turbine 118.
The IGCC system 100 may also include a steam turbine 136 and a heat recovery steam generation (HRSG) system 138. The steam turbine 136 may drive a second load 140. The second load 140 may also be an electrical generator for generating electrical energy. However, both the first 130 and second 140 loads may be other types of loads driven by the gas turbine 118 and the steam turbine 136. In addition, although the gas turbine 118 and the steam turbine 136 may drive different loads 134 and 140 as shown in the embodiment, the gas turbine 118 and the steam turbine 136 may also be used in tandem to drive only one load across a shaft. The specific configuration of the steam turbine 136 and the gas turbine 118 may be implementation specific and include any combination of sections.
The system 100 may also include the HRSG 138. Heated exhaust gas from the gas turbine 118 may be transported into the HRSG 138 and used to heat water and generate steam that is used to drive the steam turbine 136. Exhaust gas, for example from the low pressure section of the steam turbine 136, may be directed into a condenser 142. The condenser 142 may use a cooling tower 128 to exchange heated water for cooled water. The cooling tower 128 has the task of providing the condenser 142 with cool water to assist in condensing the steam supplied to the condenser 142 from the steam turbine 136. Condensate from the condenser 142 may in turn be routed into the HRSG 138. Again, exhaust gas from the gas turbine 118 may be directed into the HRSG 138 to heat the water from the condenser 142 and generate steam.
In combination cycle systems, such as e.g. IGCC system 100, hot exhaust gas may flow from gas turbine 118 and pass HRSG 138 where it may be used to generate high pressure / high temperature steam. The steam generated by the HRSG 138 may then be routed through the steam turbine 136 for power generation. In addition, the generated steam may be supplied to any other processes in which the steam may be used, such as e.g. the gasifier engine 106. The gas turbine 118 production cycle is often referred to as the "pre-shift cycle", while the steam turbine 136 production cycle is referred to as the "post-shift cycle". By combining these two cycles as shown in Figure 1, the IGCC system 100 can result in greater efficiencies in both cycles. In particular, exhaust heat from the pre-charge cycle may be detected and used to generate steam for use in the post-cycling.
As noted above, to improve the efficiency of the gas turbine and plant during normal operation, the fuel preheating system 101 is configured to preheat the fuel prior to combustion in the gas turbine 118. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas turbine 118 receives preheated fuel during startup and during operation. The increased fuel temperature increases the total energy supplied by the fuel (i.e., fuel calorific value and sensible heat) and reduces the amount of fuel required for a given burner exit temperature. Thus, for almost the same gas turbine power output (slightly reduced due to lower fuel flow and associated lower turbine gas flow), less energy is consumed, resulting in better efficiency. It should be noted that the improved efficiency is also useful for total exhaust emissions by reducing the amount of burned fuel needed for a given electrical energy output. In fact, improving plant efficiency is the easiest way to reduce harmful emissions from a fossil fuel burning power plant, and in the remainder of the discussion it should be understood that improved efficiency implicitly also means reduced emissions.
During normal operation, the gas turbine 118 receives preheated fuel from the fuel preheater 144. The fuel preheater 144 serves as a heat exchanger between heated plant water 146 and the fuel leaving the gas purifier. The energy for heating the heated plant water 146 may be selected from a variety of plant components, such as e.g. the gasifier 106, the gas turbine 118, the air separation unit 122, the heat recovery steam generator 138, the compressors 123 and 124 or the gas purifier 110 come. In this way, continuously heated water can be generated during operation of the IGCC system 100. After switching off the IGCC system, the components cool and are no longer able to heat the system water 46. At startup of the IGCC system 100, the system water 146 may no longer be at a sufficient temperature to begin heating the fuel for the gas turbine 118. This is detrimental to the desire to start up the gas turbine as quickly as possible and bring it to an emissions-compliant load. This is due to the fact that a gas turbine combustor requires the fuel of predetermined composition and calorific value at a certain temperature for stable operation. Typically, this requirement is determined by the "Modified Wobbe Index" (MWI), which is a relative measure of the energy input to the burner at a fixed pressure ratio, and the ability of the fuel conditioning and injection system to cope with variations in composition and flow Adjust calorific value. There is an allowable range of MWI to ensure proper operation of the fuel injection system with the required fuel nozzle pressure ratios in all operating modes during start-up. Thus, if the fuel temperature is so low that the fluctuation in the MWI is out of the allowable range, the gas turbine will essentially take more time to arrive at the emissions compliance load point while waiting for enough hot water from the HRSG (or a HRSG) other plant component), which is required for the required fuel preheating. This has a significant adverse effect on the total system emissions.
To compensate for IGCC system 100 shortage of warm water 146 at start-up, fuel heater 144 may receive heated water from an insulated water tank 148 which stores a sufficient amount of heated water during operation of IGCC system 100 , The heated water in the container 148 is then used to heat the fuel until the IGCC system 100 is able to provide a self-sustaining amount of heated water 146. For example, it may take at least about 10, 20, 30, 60, or 90 minutes during start up to raise the temperature of the system water 146 to a sufficient level to allow the system 100 self-sustaining heated water 146 for the fuel heater 146 to deliver. Thus, depending on the expected start-up time, the water reservoir 148 may be sized to store a sufficient amount of heated system water 150 to supply the IGCC system 100 for at least about 10, 20, 30, 60, 90 minutes, or more heat.
The heated plant water 150, like the heated plant water 146, may come from a variety of plant components (e.g., carburettor, gas turbine, heat recovery steam generator, air separation unit, boiler, etc.) during normal operation of the IGCC system 100. When the IGCC system shuts down, the heated system water 150 remains in the water tank 148. The IGCC system 100 then releases the heated water 150 for preheating fuel in the fuel preheater 144 during startup until the system 100 releases the required heated water 146 can provide for heating the fuel. Occasionally, the time between shutdown and startup may be significant, allowing a substantial drop in the temperature of the heated water 150 below a threshold temperature sufficient to heat the fuel at startup. Under these circumstances, a water heater 152 may be operated to maintain the temperature of the heated system water 150 at or above the threshold temperature in the water tank 148.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a heating system 160 for preheating fuel during normal operation and start-up of a combustion system 162. Similar to the discussion above, the combustion system 162 (eg, a gasifier, gas turbine, boiler, or oven) uses heated ones Fuel to reduce fuel throughput and improve efficiency. During normal plant operation, the heat to raise the fuel temperature for combustion is from a heat transfer medium (e.g., water) heated by a plant component 164. For example, plant component 164 may include a gasifier, a gas purification or treatment system, an air separation unit (ASU), a compressor, a gas turbine, a boiler, an oven, or any other heat source. The plant component 164 uses a heat exchanger 166 to transfer heat to the heat transfer medium (e.g., water), which then flows through a fuel preheater 168 to transfer heat to a fuel 170. In the present embodiment, the heat transfer medium is water, however, it should be understood that other embodiments may include another fluid. The fuel 170 leaving the fuel preheater 168 is a preheated fuel (i.e., fuel at an elevated temperature) which significantly reduces the undesirable emissions during combustion of the fuel 170 in the combustion system 162. The water leaving the fuel preheater 168 may then travel to a water return 172 to return to the plant component 164 to repeat the process.
When the plant component 164 is first started, it may not be able to generate sufficient heated water in the heat exchanger 166. The system 160 solves this problem by including an insulated water tank 174 that provides heated water to the fuel preheater 168. For example, the insulated water tank 174 may be a metal housing with inner and / or outer layers of a heat insulation, which completely enclose the volume for the storage of the heated water. The water tank 174 contains a sufficient amount of heated water to heat the fuel 170 in the fuel preheater 168 until the plant component 164 is able to provide a steady stream of heated water to the fuel preheater 168. For example, the water tank 174 may contain sufficient water to heat the fuel 170 for at least about 10, 20, 30, 60, or 90 minutes or more, depending on various parameters of the system. Thus, while the water tank 174 provides heated water to the fuel preheater 168, the plant component 164 gradually heats water to a sufficient temperature for the fuel preheater 168 to operate independently of the water tank 174. The water tank 174 receives heated water from a plant component 176, which may be the same or a different plant component 164 of the combustion system 162. For example, the combustion system 162, the plant component 164, and the plant component 176 may all be the same. Thus, the combustion system 162 may provide the heated water for heating the fuel 170 in the fuel preheater 168 during normal operation while also heating water for the water tank 174 for use during the startup operation.
The controller 180 controls the flow of heated water in the system during normal operation and during startup. For example, the controller 180 closes valves 182 and 184 and opens a valve 186 during startup to thereby block the flow of cold water from the plant component 164 into the fuel heater 168 and the water tank 174, while at the same time retarding the flow of stored heated water out of the water Water tank 174 is enabled to the fuel preheater 168. Thus, the heated water in the water tank 174 is able to enter the fuel preheater 168 where it heats the fuel 170 for combustion in the combustion system 162. Once the plant component 164 is able to heat sufficient water to heat the fuel 170, the controller 180 then closes the valve 186 and opens the valve 182. When the valve 182 is now open, heated water from the plant component 164 can receive fuel 170 preheat in the fuel preheater 168. The controller 180 may simultaneously open the valves 182 and 184 while closing the valve 186. In this way, the heated water may heat the fuel 170 in the fuel preheater 168 while refilling the water tank 174 with heated water from the plant component 176. Alternatively, the controller 180 may open the valve 184 at a different time during operation of the system 160. For example, valve 184 may be ready to shut down the system, e.g. at the end of the day, open.
In certain embodiments, the water tank 174 includes a water heater 188 to compensate for heat losses. Excessive heat losses may occur during long shutdown periods and / or in the water tank 174. Thus, a water heater 188 is included to maintain the temperature of the water above a threshold temperature, or to potentially raise the temperature of the water. The controller 180 performs the control of the water heater 188 in response to one or more temperature sensors indicating when the water in the water tank 174 requires additional energy.
In certain embodiments, the system 160 may include a pump 190 to facilitate circulation of the heated water from the container 174 through the fuel preheater 168. For example, the controller 180 may continuously operate the pump 190 during start-up, or the controller 180 may operate the pump 190 after the water pressure in the water tank 174 falls below a threshold pressure. For example, as a percentage of the water in the reservoir 174 exits and flows through the fuel preheater 168, the controller 180 may actuate the pump 190 to increase the pressure to maintain a suitable flow of water from the reservoir 174 through the fuel preheater 168.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of a water heating system 200 for preheating fuel during normal operation and start-up of a combustion system 202. Similar to the above discussion, the combustion system 202 (eg, a gasifier, gas turbine, boiler, or oven) uses preheated ones Fuel to reduce fuel throughput and improve efficiency. During normal plant operation, the heat for increasing the fuel temperature for combustion comes from a heat transfer medium (e.g., heated plant water 204). The heated system water 204 flows through a fuel preheater 206 to transfer heat to a fuel 208. In the present embodiment, the heat transfer medium is water, but it should be understood that other embodiments may include another fluid. The fuel 208 leaving the fuel preheater 206 is preheated fuel (e.g., fuel at an elevated temperature), which significantly reduces the undesirable emissions during combustion of the fuel 208 in the combustion system 202. The water leaving the fuel preheater 206 may then travel to a water return 210 for return to a process stream in the plant.
During startup of the combustion system 202, the system water 204 may not be heated sufficiently to ensure heating for the fuel 208. The system 200 solves this problem by including an insulated water tank 212 that provides heated water to the fuel preheater 206. For example, the insulated water container 212 may be a metal container with inner and / or outer layers of a heat insulation, for example, completely enclosing a volume for storing the heated water. The water tank 212 contains a sufficient amount of heated water to heat the fuel 208 in the fuel preheater 206 until the plant water 204 is sufficiently warmed to preheat the fuel 208 without the water stored in the tank 212. For example, the water reservoir 212 may contain sufficient water to heat the fuel 208 for at least approximately 10, 20, 30, 60, or 90 minutes or more, depending on various parameters of the system. Thus, as the water tank 212 supplies heated water to the fuel preheater 206, the plant water 204 gradually increases in temperature in response to increases in the operating temperatures of the plant components and / or the combustion system 202. Finally, the fuel preheater 206 transfers heat to the fuel 208 the heated system water 204 instead of the water stored in the water tank 212. At this point or later, the water tank 212 may be refilled with heated plant water 214. The heated system water 204 and 214 may be the same or different. In either case, the heated plant water 204 and 214 may be from a gasifier, gas purification or treatment system, air separation unit (ASU), compressor, gas turbine, boiler, oven, or any other heat source. For example, the heated plant water 204 and 214 may be from the combustion system 202. Thus, the combustion system 202 may provide the heated water for heating the fuel 208 in the fuel preheater 208 during normal operation while also heating water for the water tank 212 for use during start-up. Additionally or alternatively, the water container 212 may receive heated auxiliary water 216 alone or in combination with the heated system water 214. The heated sub-water 216 may be supplied by a variety of sources, such as e.g. come from an external solar heat collector, a remote heat source or an independent plant component.
The controller 218 controls the flow of heated water in the system during normal operation and during startup. For example, the controller 218 closes the valves 220, 222, and 224 and opens the valve 226 during start-up, thereby blocking the flow of cold water 214, 216, and 204 into the fuel heater 206 and the water tank 212, while the flow of stored heated water Water is released from the water tank 212 to the fuel preheater 206. Thus, the heated water in the container 212 is able to enter the fuel preheater 206 where it heats the fuel 208 for combustion in the combustion system 202. Once the system water 204 is raised in temperature sufficient to heat the fuel 208, the controller 218 then closes the valve 226 and opens the valve 224. With the valve 224 now open, the heated system water 204 may heat the fuel 208 in the fuel preheater 206. The controller 218 may simultaneously open the valves 220 and / or 222 during the closure of the valve 226. In this way, heated water 204 may heat the fuel 204 in the fuel preheater 206, while heated water 214 and / or 216 may refill the water tank 212 for subsequent use during another launch. Alternatively, the controller 218 may open the valves 214 and / or 216 at a different time during operation of the system 200. For example, valves 214 and / or 216 may be opened just prior to system shutdown (e.g., at the end of the day).
In certain embodiments, the water tank 212 includes a water heater 228 to compensate for heat losses. Excessive heat losses can occur during long shutdown periods. Thus, a water heater 228 is included to maintain the temperature of the water above a threshold temperature, or to potentially raise the temperature of the water. The controller 218 performs the control of the water heater 228 in response to one or more temperature sensors indicating when the water in the water tank 212 requires additional power.
In certain embodiments, the system 200 includes a pump 230 to allow the circulation of heated water from the container 212 through the fuel preheater 206. For example, the controller 218 may continuously operate the pump 230 during start-up, or the controller 218 may operate the pump 230 after the water pressure in the water tank 212 falls below a threshold pressure. For example, as a percentage of the water in the container 212 exits and flows through the fuel preheater 206, the controller 218 may trigger the pump 230 to increase the pressure to maintain a suitable flow of water from the container 212 through the fuel preheater 206.
4 is a block diagram of a water heating system 240 for preheating fuel during normal operation and during start-up of a combustion system 242. Similar to the discussion above, the combustion system 242 utilizes (eg, a gasifier, gas turbine, boiler, or oven). heated fuel to reduce the fuel flow rate and to improve the efficiency. During normal plant operation, the heat for increasing the fuel temperature for combustion comes from a heat transfer medium (e.g., water) heated by a plant component 244. For example, plant component 244 may include a gasifier, a gas purification or treatment system, an air separation unit (ASU), a compressor, a gas turbine, a boiler, an oven, or any other heat source. The plant component 244 utilizes a heat exchanger 246 to transfer heat to the heat transfer medium (e.g., water), which then flows through the fuel preheater 248 to transfer heat to a fuel 250. In the present embodiment, the heat transfer medium is water, it being understood that other embodiments may include a different fluid. The fuel 250 leaving the fuel preheater 248 is a preheated fuel (e.g., fuel at an elevated temperature) which is supplied to the combustion system 242. The water leaving the fuel heater 248 may then travel to a water return 252 to return to the plant component 244 to repeat the process.
When the plant component 244 is first started, it may not be able to generate sufficient heated water in the heat exchanger 246. The system 240 solves this problem by including an insulated water tank 254 that provides heated water to the fuel preheater 248. For example, the insulated water tank 254 may be a metal shell having inner and / or outer layers of thermal insulation that completely enclose the volume for storing the heated water. The water tank 254 contains a sufficient amount of heated water to heat the fuel 250 in the fuel preheater 248 until the plant component 244 is able to supply a steady stream of heated water to the fuel preheater 248. For example, the water reservoir 254 may contain sufficient water to heat the fuel 250 for at least about 10, 20, 30, 60, or 90 minutes or more, depending on various parameters of the system. Thus, while the water tank 254 supplies heated water to the fuel preheater 248, the plant component 244 gradually heats water to a sufficient temperature for the fuel preheater 248 to operate independently of the water tank 254.
In the illustrated embodiment, a water supply 256 supplies water to the water reservoir 254, which contains a variety of heating systems, to collectively or independently heat the water in the reservoir 254. For example, the heating systems may include a water heater 258 (e.g., an electric heater) disposed within the water tank 254, a plant component 260 external to the water tank 254, and a thermal solar collector 262 external to the water tank 254. The plant component 260 and the thermal solar collector 262 may transfer heat to the water in the water tank 254 via respective heat exchangers 264 and 266. A working fluid transports the energy from the plant component 260 and the thermal solar collector 262 to the respective heat exchangers 264 and 266. Examples of possible working fluids include water, oil, solvents or other suitable heat exchange fluids. In some embodiments, pumps 268 and 270 operate with one-way valves 272 and 274 (e.g., check valves) to flow the working fluids through the heat exchangers 264 and 266. In this way, the working fluid circulates between the plant component 260, the thermal solar collector 262, and their respective heat exchangers 264 and 266.
The controller 276 controls the flow of heated water in the system during normal operation and during startup. For example, the controller 276 opens a valve 282 and closes a valve 278 during start-up to thereby block the flow of cold water from the plant component 244 into the fuel heater 248 and the water tank 254, while simultaneously maintaining the flow of stored warm water from the water tank 254 is released to the fuel preheater 248. Thus, the heated water in the water tank 254 may enter the fuel preheater 248, heating the fuel 250 for combustion in the combustion system 242. In certain embodiments, the controller 276 may actuate the pump 284 while opening the valve 282 to ensure sufficient flow of the heated water through the fuel preheater 248. As soon as the heat exchanger 246 supplies sufficient heat from the system component 244 to the water after start-up, the controller 276 closes the valve 282 and opens the valve 278. With the valve 278 now open, heated water from the heat exchanger 246 fuel 250 in the fuel preheater To warm. The controller 276 may simultaneously open the valve 280, operate the pumps 268 and / or 270, and close the valve 282 to refill the water container 254 with heated water. In particular, after sufficient water enters and fills the water reservoir 256, the plant component 260 and / or the thermal solar collector 266 may transfer heat to corresponding working fluids, which then circulate through the heat exchangers 246 and 266 to the temperature of the water in the vessel 254 to increase. In certain embodiments, the water heater 258 may be used alone or in combination with the heat exchangers 264 and 266 to increase the temperature of the water in the container 254. In other words, the water in the container 254 may be heated with the heat exchanger 264 while the heat exchanger 266 exchanges a working fluid with the thermal solar collector 266, the water heater 258 in the container 254, or any combination thereof.
In certain embodiments, controller 276 may be configured to activate pump 270 to collect heat from solar thermal collector 262 during sunny weather or times of sufficient sunlight, while controller 276 deactivates pump 270 when the thermal solar collector 262 is unable to heat enough, eg during the night or periods of insufficient sunlight (e.g., cloudy days). Similarly, the controller 276 may be configured to activate the pump 268 during operating periods of the plant component 260 when sufficient heat is available to heat the water in the vessel 254 while the controller 276 deactivates the pump 268 when the plant component 260 does not work or does not provide sufficient heat to raise the temperature of the water in the container 254. In either case, the respective pumps 268 and / or 270 continue to circulate the working fluid until the controller 276 measures that the water has reached or exceeded a threshold temperature. When the water reaches the threshold temperature, the controller 276 signals the pumps 268 and / or 270 to stop the circulation of the working fluid. After the water reaches the threshold temperature and the pumps 268 and 270 have been turned off, the water heater 258 may be used to maintain the water temperature when the plant component 260 is not running and when the solar thermal collector 262 can not provide energy (eg, at night, while cloudier Days etc.). In other words, the controller 276 may prioritize the heating systems to minimize power consumption, e.g. For example, the thermal solar collector 262 may have the first priority, the second priority may have the plant component 260, and the third priority may be the water heater 258. However, two or three of these heating systems may be used in combination to increase the rate of heating of the water in the container 254.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a fuel preheat system 300 according to one embodiment. In the present embodiment, the fuel preheat system 300 may preheat fuel for different combustion subsystems 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, and 312. Each of these combustion subsystems 302-310 includes a respective valve 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, and 324. Each of these valves allows heated water to enter a corresponding combustion subsystem 302-310 for preheating a fuel. Combustion subsystems 302-310 further include respective pumps 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, and 336 that move heated water in subsystems 302-310. Each combustion subsystem 302-310 includes a fuel source 338, 340, 342, 344, 346, and 348. Although there are separate fuel sources in the present embodiments, each of the combustion subsystems 302-310 may receive fuel from the same fuel source. Each combustion subsystem 302-310 also includes fuel preheaters 350, 352, 354, 356, 358, and 360 that transfer heat from the heated water to the fuel 338-360. In this way, the fuel heats up before combustion, which improves efficiency and reduces emissions. Finally, each of the combustion subsystems 302-310 includes a combustor that burns the heated fuel. In the present embodiment, combustion subsystems 302 and 304 include gas turbines 362 and 364; the combustion subsystem 306 includes a combustion turbine 366; the combustion subsystem 308 includes a carburetor 308; the combustion subsystem 310 includes a boiler; and combustion subsystem 312 includes another type of plant component 372.
As explained above, heated water may not be available during start-up and thus an insulated water tank 374 may be included for storing heated water. The water tank 374 stores heated water from a variety of sources, such as water. a plant component 376 or an auxiliary heat source 378. The plant component 376 may include one of the combustors 362-372 or any combination thereof. Further, plant component 376 may include gas purification or treatment systems, a compressor, an air separation unit (ASU), or any combination thereof. The plant component 376 exchanges heat with water entering the water tank via a heat exchanger 380. The auxiliary heat source 378 may provide heated water to the water tank 374 via a variety of sources, such as water. provide an external solar thermal collector, a remote heat source or an independent plant component.
The controller 382 determines when heated water from the system component 376 and / or the auxiliary heat source 378 enters the container by controlling the valves 384 and 386. In this manner, controller 382 determines whether heated water from plant component 376 and / or auxiliary heat source 378 is admitted depending on the requirements of system 300 and the availability of heat. Once the water tank 374 is filled with heated water, the controller 382 may close valves 384 and 386 until re-heated water in the water tank 374 is needed. When the combustion subsystems 302-312 start, the controller 382 opens the corresponding valve 314-324. The open valves 314-324 then allow water from the water tank 374 to preheat fuel 338-348 in the corresponding fuel preheater 350-360.
In certain embodiments, the water tank 374 includes a water heater 388 to compensate for heat losses. Excessive heat losses may occur during long shutdown periods and / or when the water is in tank 374. Thus, a water heater 388 is included to maintain the temperature of the water above a threshold temperature, or possibly raise the temperature of the water. The controller 382 performs the control of the water heater 388 in response to one or more temperature sensors indicating when the water in the water tank 374 needs additional energy.
Technical effects of the invention include the ability to preheat a fuel during the start-up of a combustion system (e.g., a gas turbine, gasifier, boiler, etc.). In particular, the disclosed embodiments store energy generated during operation of a plant or component such that the energy is not wasted, but instead is stored for later use during start-up of the combustion system. In particular, the heat generated during operation is dissipated in a heat transfer medium such as e.g. Water, stored in an isolated storage tank. Thus, the storage of heat that would otherwise be lost after shutdown is utilized during start-up, thereby significantly reducing the cost associated with fuel pre-heating during start-up. Further, the stored heat can greatly improve the fuel preheat performance during start-up because the heat is readily available from the isolated storage vessel.
This description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including the manufacture and use of all elements and systems and practice of all included methods.
A fuel preheating system for preheating fuel, at least during start up of a plant having a combustion system 162, includes an insulated water tank 174 adapted to store a first heated water from a first plant component 176 during operation of the plant and a heat exchanger wherein the heat exchanger is adapted to transfer heat from the first heated water to the fuel 170 for the combustion system 162 during start-up of the plant.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
[0048]<Tb> 100 <September> combined cycle system<Tb> 101 <September> fuel heating system<Tb> 102 <September> fuel source<Tb> 104 <September> feedstock preparation unit<Tb> 106 <September> Carburetor<Tb> 108 <September> slag<Tb> 110 <September> scrubber<Tb> 111 <September> sulfur<Tb> 112 <September> sulfur processor<Tb> 113 <September> salts<Tb> 114 <September> Water treatment unit<Tb> 116 <September> CO detection system<Tb> 118 <September> Gas Turbine<Tb> 120 <September> burner<tb> 122 <SEP> ASU (air separation unit)<tb> 123 <SEP> additional air compressor<Tb> 124 <September> DGAN compressor<Tb> 128 <September> Cooling Tower<Tb> 130 <September> Turbine<Tb> 131 <September> Drive Shaft<Tb> 132 <September> compressor<Tb> 134 <September> Last<Tb> 136 <September> steam turbine<Tb> 138 <September> HRSG system<tb> 140 <SEP> second load<Tb> 142 <September> capacitor<Tb> 144 <September> fuel preheater<tb> 146 <SEP> heated system water<Tb> 148 <September> Water tank<tb> 150 <SEP> heated system water<Tb> 152 <September> water heater<Tb> 160 <September> heating system<Tb> 162 <September> combustion system<Tb> 164 <September> plant component<Tb> 166 <September> Heat Exchanger<Tb> 168 <September> fuel preheater<Tb> 170 <September> Fuel<Tb> 172 <September> water return<tb> 174 <SEP> insulated water tank<Tb> 176 <September> plant component<Tb> 180 <September> Control<Tb> 182 <September> Valve<Tb> 184 <September> Valve<Tb> 186 <September> Valve<Tb> 188 <September> water heater<Tb> 190 <September> pump<Tb> 200 <September> water heating system<Tb> 202 <September> combustion system<tb> 204 <SEP> heated system water<Tb> 206 <September> fuel preheater<Tb> 208 <September> Fuel<Tb> 210 <September> water return<tb> 212 <SEP> insulated water tank<tb> 214 <SEP> heated system water<tb> 216 <SEP> heated auxiliary water<Tb> 218 <September> Control<Tb> 220 <September> Valve<Tb> 222 <September> Valve<Tb> 224 <September> Valve<Tb> 226 <September> Valve<Tb> 228 <September> water heater<Tb> 230 <September> pump<Tb> 240 <September> water heating system<Tb> 242 <September> combustion system<Tb> 244 <September> plant component<Tb> 246 <September> Heat Exchanger<Tb> 248 <September> fuel preheater<Tb> 250 <September> Fuel<Tb> 252 <September> water return<tb> 254 <SEP> insulated water tank<Tb> 256 <September> Water Supply<Tb> 258 <September> water heater<Tb> 260 <September> plant component<tb> 262 <SEP> thermal solar collector<Tb> 264 <September> Heat Exchanger<Tb> 266 <September> Heat Exchanger<Tb> 268 <September> pump<Tb> 270 <September> pump<Tb> 272 <September> one-way valve<Tb> 274 <September> one-way valve<Tb> 276 <September> Control<Tb> 278 <September> Valve<Tb> 280 <September> Valve<Tb> 282 <September> Valve<Tb> 284 <September> pump<tb> 300 <SEP> Starting system with fuel preheating<Tb> 302 <September> combustion subsystem<Tb> 304 <September> combustion subsystem<Tb> 306 <September> combustion subsystem<Tb> 308 <September> combustion subsystem<Tb> 310 <September> combustion subsystem<Tb> 312 <September> combustion subsystem<Tb> 314 <September> Valve<Tb> 316 <September> Valve<Tb> 318 <September> Valve<Tb> 320 <September> Valve<Tb> 322 <September> Valve<Tb> 324 <September> Valve<Tb> 326 <September> pump<Tb> 328 <September> pump<Tb> 330 <September> pump<Tb> 332 'September> pump<Tb> 334 <September> pump<Tb> 336 <September> pump<Tb> 338 <September> fuel source<Tb> 340 <September> fuel source<Tb> 342 <September> fuel source<Tb> 344 <September> fuel source<Tb> 346 <September> fuel source<Tb> 346 <September> fuel source<Tb> 350 <September> fuel preheater<Tb> 352 <September> fuel preheater<Tb> 354 <September> fuel preheater<Tb> 356 <September> fuel preheater<Tb> 358 <September> fuel preheater<Tb> 360 <September> fuel preheater<Tb> 362 <September> Gas Turbine<Tb> 364 <September> Gas Turbine<Tb> 366 <September> combustion engine<Tb> 372 <September> plant component<tb> 374 <SEP> insulated water tank<Tb> 376 <September> plant component<Tb> 378 <September> auxiliary heat source<Tb> 380 <September> Heat Exchanger<Tb> 382 <September> Control<Tb> 384 <September> Valve<Tb> 386 <September> Valve<Tb> 388 <September> water heater

权利要求:
Claims (10)
[1]
A fuel preheating system for preheating fuel at least during start-up of a plant including a combustion system (162), the fuel preheating system comprising:an insulated water tank (174) adapted to store a first heated water from a first plant component (176) during operation of the plant; anda fuel heater (168) having a heat exchanger (168), the heat exchanger (168) adapted to transfer heat from the first heated water to the combustion system fuel (170) during start-up of the system.
[2]
2. The fuel preheating system of claim 1 wherein the insulated water tank (174) includes a heater configured to add additional heat to the first heated water (188) storable in the insulated water tank (174).
[3]
3. The fuel preheating system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger (168) is configured to transfer heat from a second heated water to the fuel (170) after start-up of the plant.
[4]
The fuel preheating system of claim 3 including a controller (180) arranged to transition from a first flow of the first heated water through the heat exchanger (168) during start-up to a second flow of the second heated water through the heat exchanger after start-up proceed.
[5]
5. System with a combustion system (162), a first system component (176) and a fuel preheating system according to one of claims 1 to 4.
[6]
An installation according to claim 5, wherein the combustion system (162) is a gas turbine.
[7]
The plant of claim 6, wherein the first plant component comprises a heat recovery steam generation system (138).
[8]
The plant of claim 6, wherein the first plant component comprises a combination cycle system (100) with integrated gasification.
[9]
9. Plant according to claim 6, wherein the first plant component comprises a thermal solar collector (262).
[10]
The plant of any of claims 5 to 9 including a fuel system according to claim 3, the plant further comprising a second plant component (164) arranged to deliver the second heated water directly to the heat exchanger (168).

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

DE102011052932A1|2012-03-08|

CH703750A2|2012-03-15|

JP2012052545A|2012-03-15|

CN102434288A|2012-05-02|

US20120055157A1|2012-03-08|

JP5951204B2|2016-07-13|

US8881530B2|2014-11-11|

CN102434288B|2016-08-03|

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法律状态:
2017-03-15| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH GLOBAL PATENT, CH |

2021-04-30| PL| Patent ceased|

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

US12/875,072|US8881530B2|2010-09-02|2010-09-02|Fuel heating system for startup of a combustion system|

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